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to come. Truck platooning for example, which is the linking of two or more trucks in convoy via wireless communications, will become a common sight throughout Europe, saving fuel and reducing CO2 emissions by up to 10 per cent. For heavy-duty vehicles, we will have to differentiate between what is possible for long-haul transport and regional or urban use. Especially in case of the latter, we will increasingly see a role for alternative powertrains – with buses among the first vehicles expected to make a shift towards zero-emission transport.SMART MOBILITYIn order to meet changing demand, manufacturers will become providers of innovative mobility solutions rather than ‘just’ being producers of vehicles. The future will bring a transportation landscape in which private car, freight, bus, rail, pedestrian and bicycle traffic will be woven into a connected network, saving time and resources. The number of vehicles with built-in connectivity will increase from 10 per cent in 2013 to 90 per cent by 2020. Although the sharing economy will continue to grow, individual vehicles will still remain in strong demand, due to their flexibility and the new scope to make valuable and productive use of the time spent in vehicles.Automated driving will assist those with reduced mobility – for example the elderly and those with visual or other health impairments – to continue or start to drive, either supported by automated systems or within a fully autonomous mode.Connected cars will also make the car an extension of our home or office, providing the potential to enhance driving by making it more convenient, time saving, and less stressful.Vehicles will not only be connected with each other, but also with the infrastructure around them. Traffic lights, for example, will optimise transport flows. The need for parking spots in cities could also be reduced by up to 60 per cent thanks to self-driving vehicles. Increased traffic efficiency means less congestion, with people and goods arriving at their destinations faster and emissions being lowered significantly.At the same time tailored mobility and transport solutions will lead to new ownership models, customised intermodal mobility solutions and new logistics concepts. As a result, the auto industry’s traditional business model of vehicle sales will be complemented by a range of diverse, on-demand mobility solutions, especially in urban environments. Freight transport will also adapt to new logistics trends and systems, based on a supply chain combining long-haul and last-mile solutions leveraging vans, with logistics platforms on multi-modal corridors – all managed by intelligent transport systems. And let us not forget about public transport! The next generation of high-service collective transport will be born, including bus corridor concepts based on intermodality, with full integration between cars, bus, rail and non-motorised mobility. However, privately-owned vehicles will remain the main providers of individual mobility, and new mobility concepts will offer on-demand mobility whenever desired. FIVE POLICY RECOMMENDATIONSIn decades to come, Europe’s automobile industry will remain a driving force for innovation in order to usher in this new era mobility. Already now, the European automotive sector invests over €44.7 billion each year to ensure new levels of clean and smart mobility. But given the fundamental nature of the challenges we face, these mobility issues simply “THE EUROPEAN AUTOMOTIVE SECTOR INVESTS OVER €44.7 BILLION EACH YEAR TO ENSURE NEW LEVELS OF CLEAN AND SMART MOBILITY ”Above right: Privately-owned vehicles will remain the main providers of individual mobility.Left: Buses will be among the first vehicles expected to make a shift towards zero-emission transport.094 TRANSPORT AND MOBILITY